EXCEPTION HANDLING AND EVENT HANDLING Exception handling is a special processing that may required after detection of an exception. Exception handling code unit is called an exception handler. There are many program that allow program to trap input/output errors(including EOF). … Continue reading →

OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING   Object-oriented programming (OOP) , there are three major language features; ADT, Inheritance (inheritance is the central theme in OOP an language that support it, Polymorphism. Inheritance can increase productivity by reuse. ADTs are difficult to reuse-always … Continue reading →

ABSTRACT DATA TYPES The concept of abstraction , abstraction is a viow or representation of an entity that includes only the most significant attributes. The concept is fundamental in programing. Almost all programming language support process abstraction with subprogram and … Continue reading →

SUBPROGRAM Subprogram is part of program that can be tested and designed independently. There are two kind of subprogram; function and procedure. Function return value, procedure just executes command. Fundamentals of subprograms: each subprogram has single entry point the calling … Continue reading →

STATEMENT-LEVEL CONTROL STUCTURES Control structure is a control statement and the statement whose execution it controls. Selection statements, provide the means of choosing between two or more path of execution. There are two general categories : Two-way selector Example: if-else … Continue reading →

EXPRESSION AND ASIGNMENT STATEMENTS Expressions are fundamental means of specifying computation in programming language. We need to be familiar with orders of operator and operand evaluation to understand expression evaluation. This is very important for programmer to understand syntax, semantics, … Continue reading →

GSLC DATA TYPES   What are the advantages and disadvantages of decimal data types? 2. How does a decimal value waste memory space? 3. In what way is static type checking better than dynamic type checking? 4. What is coercion … Continue reading →

NAMES, BINDING, AND SCOPES Variables is an abstraction of a memory cell. Variable provide a way of labeling data with a descriptive name, so the program can be understood more clearly by the reader. To design it, we must consider … Continue reading →

DESCRIBING SYNTAX AND SEMANTICS Syntax, form/structure of expression, statements, and program units that computer can interpret (grammar of the language). So syntax error will happen if the user executes command without using proper syntax. Example: <assign> -> <var> = <expr> … Continue reading →

INTRODUCTION TO PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE CONCEPT Reason to learn. First topic is reason to learn programming language concept. The first step to learn programming actually is to learn programming language concept(PLC) first.  There are many reason to study the concept of … Continue reading →